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Many estrogen-antagonist and -agonist ligands have been synthesized, some of which have proved clinically important in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast tumors and endocrine disorders. Here we show that the "pure" antiestrogen ICI 164,384 inhibits mouse estrogen receptor-DNA binding in vitro. The effects of this steroid on DNA binding can be overcome by addition of anti-receptor antibody whose epitope lies N-terminal to the receptor DNA-binding domain. Since this antibody is also capable of restoring DNA-binding activity to receptor mutants that either lack the dimerization domain or bear deleterious mutations within it, we propose that ICI 164,384 reduces DNA binding by interfering with receptor dimerization. In contrast, when complexed with the antagonist/partial agonist tamoxifen, the estrogen receptor is capable of binding to DNA in vitro, but tamoxifen does not promote the agonist-induced conformational change obtained with estradiol. The implications of these data are discussed in relation to the in vivo properties of these drugs.

Inhibition of estrogen receptor-DNA binding by the "pure" antiestrogen ICI 164,384 appears to be mediated by impaired receptor dimerization.