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Cholecystokinin (CCK) and its receptors are abundantly represented in the central nervous system. However, a specific role or mechanism of action for CCK in this context has not been established. CCK coexists with oxytocin in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system, sharing common neurosecretory vesicles with oxytocin in the neural lobe of the pituitary. The neural lobe, which consists primarily of oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing axons and nerve terminals and their surrounding glia, provides a relatively simple model system allowing for the study of the regulation of neurosecretion at the nerve terminal level, free from the complex array of synaptic effects present throughout the rest of the central nervous system. In this paper, we demonstrate the presence of high-affinity CCK binding sites in the rat neural lobe and show that activation of these receptors by the sulfated octapeptide, CCK-8, and related peptides causes potent secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin from the isolated nerve terminals. The secretagogue action of CCK-8, which is blocked by a CCK receptor antagonist (L-364,718), is independent of electrical stimulation and extracellular calcium and is blocked by an inhibitor of protein kinase C. Thus, the action of CCK on the neural lobe provides an example of peptide ligand-induced neurosecretion apparently mediated by second messengers rather than depolarization-induced calcium influx.

Cholecystokinin evokes secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin from rat neural lobe independent of external calcium.