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Transfection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with DNA from mouse L929 cytoplasts induced proliferation of lymphocytes and the formation of B and T cell-derived cell lines with apparently unlimited growth potential. The cell lines could be grown in serum-containing media as well as in chemically defined serum-free media, have a nearly normal human karyotype, did not form colonies in soft-agar medium, and were not tumorigenic after injection into nude mice. For immortalization of human lymphocytes, DNA from L929 cytoplasts was 100-fold more efficient than L929 nuclear DNA. The ability of cytoplast DNA to immortalize lymphocytes could be consecutively transferred by using total cellular DNA from primary or secondary transfectants. Circular or linear mitochondrial DNA of L929 cells did not lead to immortalization of human lymphocytes. Since DNA with immortalizing activity could be isolated from cytoplasts, the Hirt supernatant, and a mitochondria-depleted cytoplasmic fraction of L929 cells, we conclude that the immortalizing DNA is located extramitochondrially in the cytoplasm of L929 cells.

Immortalization of human lymphocytes by transfection with DNA from mouse L929 cytoplasts.