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The activities of two groups of cyclic agonists of substance P (SP) have been studied. The disulfide bridge constraints have been designed on the basis of conformational studies on SP and physalaemin indicating an alpha-helical structure for the core of these two tachykinins (group I) and a folding of the C-terminal carboxamide towards the side chains of the glutamines 5 and 6 (group II). Only peptides simulating the alpha-helix present substantial potencies. [Cys3,6]SP is as active as SP in inhibiting 125I-labeled Bolton and Hunter SP-specific binding on rat brain synaptosomes and on dog carotid bioassay, two assays specific for the neurokinin 1 receptor. Moreover, [Cys3,6]SP is as potent as neurokinin B in inhibiting 125I-labeled Bolton and Hunter eledoisin-specific binding on rat cortical synaptosomes as well as in stimulating rat portal vein, two tests specific for the neurokinin 3 receptor. Interestingly, in contrast to neurokinin B, [Cys3,6]SP is a weak agonist of the neurokinin 2 receptor subtype, as evidenced by its binding potency in inhibiting 3H-labeled neurokinin A-specific binding on rat duodenum and in inducing the contractions of the rabbit pulmonary artery, a neurokinin 2-type bioassay. To increase the specificity of the cyclic analogue [Cys3,6]SP positions 8 and 9 were modified. [Cys3,6, Tyr8, Ala9]SP is slightly less selective than SP for the neurokinin 1 receptor subtype. [Cys2,5]neurokinin B constitutes a selective cyclic agonist for the neurokinin 3 receptor. The very weak potencies of the peptides from group II indicate that a certain degree of flexibility in the C-terminal moiety is required. Collectively, these results suggest that the neurokinin 1 and neurokinin 3 tachykinin receptors may recognize a similar three-dimensional structure of the core of the tachykinins. Different orientations of the common C-terminal tripeptide may be related to the selectivity for the different receptor subtypes.

Interaction of tachykinins with their receptors studied with cyclic analogues of substance P and neurokinin B.