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We constructed a nondefective retrovirus vector based on spleen necrosis virus (SNV), a replication-competent reticuloendotheliosis virus. We introduced different DNA sequences into this vector and studied the ability of the resulting viruses to replicate in chicken embryo fibroblasts. The replication efficiency of SNV-derived viruses decreased with increasing virus size. Viruses larger than 9.4 kilobases (kb) were rapidly overgrown by replication-competent deletion mutants. The size restriction for the efficient replication of nondefective SNV-derived viruses prevented the production of viruses larger than 10.0 kb. Analysis of the kinetics of virus particle release indicated that the size restriction occurred during virus encapsidation.

Nondefective spleen necrosis virus-derived vectors define the upper size limit for packaging reticuloendotheliosis viruses.