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Some cells from cultured embryonic mouse hypothalamus were found to express aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) activity and serotonin uptake and storage. These neuron-like cells differed from serotoninergic neurons in cultured embryonic mouse brain stem since they did not contain tryptophan hydroxylase. We studied the effect of the serotonin agonist 8-hydroxy-2-[di-(n-propyl)amino]tetralin on neuronal differentiation of hypothalamic cells from 12- to 15-day embryos. Repeated treatment of cultures with the serotonin agonist for 10 days resulted in an increased number of serotonin cells containing high levels of decarboxylase activity. Both the increase in cell numbers and the elevated decarboxylase activity could be suppressed by the addition of the serotonin antagonist metergoline to the culture medium. These data show that serotonin (or an agonist), acting on specific receptors, can initiate and amplify its own synthesis in embryonic hypothalamic neurons, as observed in the primitive hypothalamic nerve cell line F7 [De Vitry, F., Catelon, J., Dubois, M., Thibault, J., Barritault, D., Courty, J., Bourgoin, S. &amp; Hamon, M. (1986) Neurochem. Int. 9, 43-53]. Such an autocrine-like mechanism may be active during nervous system development and may represent an example of learning at the cellular level.

Serotonin initiates and autoamplifies its own synthesis during mouse central nervous system development.