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In the starfish Marthasterias glacialis, polyethylene glycol (PEG) homologous fused pairs consisting of two immature oocytes, blocked at the germinal vesicle stage, or two ootids, blocked at the female pronucleus stage, remain arrested at these specific stages, unless they are stimulated by the hormone 1-methyladenine. In contrast, heterologous pairs develop up to female pronucleus formation in the immature partner, indicating that maturation-promoting factor was formed under these conditions. Kinetics for this process, reconstitution of the nuclear envelopes after first polar body extrusion, and delaying effect of emetine argue for the existence of a true metabolic cooperation process requiring complementary factors present in each partner. The effect of inhibitors that penetrate the plasma membrane points to the possible involvement of endogenous proteases that may activate latent or neosynthesized maturation-promoting factor precursor and/or protein kinases.

Metabolic cooperation following fusion of starfish ootid and primary oocyte restores meiotic-phase-promoting activity