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It is generally agreed that the experimental observation most relevant for both fundamental problems of axon behavior and molecular problems of excitation is the negative slope conductance region of the current-voltage characteristic of axons. Cole,' for example, has emphasized that the first and necessary goal of any membrane theory is to produce a region of steady-state or quasi-steady-state negative conductance. The quantitative and empirical description of squid axon behavior developed by Hodgkin and Huxley2 has proved to be valuable, but attempts to get at the underlying fundamental variables have not been successful. Most theoretical models have been based on the liquid junction theory of Planck,3 but in none of these models does a negative conductance region appear. This difficulty has done much to delay progress in understanding axon behavior. The purpose of this communication is to present the elements of a very simple but apparently not unreasonable electrochemical hypothesis which produces in a quantitative way both a negative slope conductance for the sodium ion and a high rectification for the potassium ion. Transient phenomena are not yet included, but the apparent agreement with a wide range of steady-state and short time observations suggests that the ideas may be potentially useful. The aim has been to isolate those assumptions which appear necessary to account for experimental observations. Theory.-An electric current, whether it be a total current or a partial current for a particular ion species, is defined as the product of a charge density and a velocity. If current is restricted to one dimension, all terms are scalar, and for a positively and singly charged species:

Concerning negative conductance in the squid axon.