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Although the polyamines--putrescine, spermidine, and spermine-are ubiquitous biological compounds, their specific distribution and function at the subcellular level remain uncertain. As cellular cations they probably serve an important function as part of the ionic milieu in the mediation of some cellular processes. Stabilization of cellular membranes,' 2 mitochondria,2 ribosomes,3 4 and nuclei5 by polyamines has been demonstrated. Stabilization of polynucleotide by the polyalnines6' 7 is reflected in the stimulation of RNA synthesis,8' DNA synthesis,10 and, in the case of ribosomes, in the enhancement of amino acid incorporation.ll The problem of polyamine redistribution,'12 1 inherent in cell fractionation, has discouraged and cast doubt on investigations of polyamine localization at the cellular level. The present paper describes a reliable method for the radioautographic localization of spermidine, and the effect of polyamines on RNA synthesis in situ in polytene chromosomes.

The localization of spermidine in salivary gland cells of Drosophila melanogaster and its effect on H3-uridine incorporation.