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The virus etiology of certain murine leukemias and possible virus etiology of human leukemia make it reasonable to think of treatment and perhaps prevention of these diseases in terms of virus inhibition. One means of inhibiting virus replication in cells is by the introduction of a second virus which can either compete with the first virus for replicating sites and biosynthetic mechanisms or induce synthesis of interferon, a virus inhibitor. In a recent communication,1 clinical and hematologic remissions in the course of acute myelogenous leukemia in a patient were reported to follow repeated inoculations of certain selected attenuated nontumor viruses, but the mechanism involved in the production of these remissions could not be determined. The possibility that viral interference was involved, however, stimulated the study, herein reported, of the effects of nontumor viruses on virusinduced leukemia in mice. In recent years viral interference has been demonstrated in a variety of nontumor virus-cell culture and animal systems. In contrast to nontumor viruses, there has been great difficulty in growing murine leukemic viruses in cell culture systems, and in vitro studies of viral interference with this class of viruses have not been conducted. Such studies, however, are possible in in vivo systems. During the past 15 years a number of reports have appeared in the literature describing inhibition of neoplastic disease in animals following inoculation of a variety of different viruses. One of the first in this series was an article by Sharpless, Davies, and Cox2 who reported complete regression of a transplantable lymphoid tumor in chickens following inoculation of any of a number of arboviruses. The mechanism of tumor regression was thought to be direct destruction of tumor cells by virus multiplication. In mice bearing transplantable leukemias, vaccinia virus3 and a virus immunologically related to lymphocytic choriomeningitis4 have been reported to prolong survival, whereas sublethal neurotropic viral infections had no consistent beneficial effects on the course of the disease.' Guinea pigs with a transplantable leukemia were reported to have an increased survival rate and a decreased spleen size following inoculation with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.7 It was not until recently, however, that viral interference experiments were conducted with a known virus-induced neoplasm. Rowe8 reported that mice inoculated with the Moloney strain of mouse lymphoid leukemia virus showed marked diminution of spleen weight response to infection with Friend leukemia virus given 3-4 weeks later. However, conclusions about the mechanism of interference could not be made from the data obtained, since antigenic relationships between the two viruses have been demonstrated.9 The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of inoculation of

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

The effects of nontumor viruses on virus-induced leukemia in mice: reciprocal interference between Sendai virus and Friend leukemia virus in DBA-2 mice.