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type of the smooth colonies was identified immunologically using the Quellung method and rabbit antisera. Results and Discussion.-A total of five different experiments was performed. The results are presented in Table 2. It is evident from Table 2 that, in 31% (26/83) of the mice which were injected with both donor and recipient cultures in the absence of exogenous DNase, at least one transformation event had taken place. It can also be concluded that genetic recombination was due to DNA-mediated transformation, since no recombination took place when DNase was added to the system. These experiments demonstrate that DNA-mediated transformation can occur spontaneously in genetically mixed populations of pneumococci growing in a living host. A more detailed discussion of the significance of transformation as a natural method of recombination for some microbial species was presented previously.7 In addition to studies on pneumococcus and streptococcus, spontaneously occurring DNA-mediated transformation in vitro has since been observed in B. subtilis'0 and in H. influenzae.11 It is probable therefore that genetic transformation may play a more widespread role in microbial recombinations in nature than has been supposed. Summary.-DNA-mediated transformation occurs spontaneously among genetically-marked pneumococci growing together in a living host, the mouse.

STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS RIBONUCLEIC ACID, III. UTILIZATION OF RIBONUCLEOSIDES OF HOST RIBONUCLEIC ACID