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In the original analysis' of the behavior of macromolecules and viruses in a buoyant density gradient at equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge, all components were assumed to be incompressible. As a few hundred atmospheres are normally generated in the liquid, it is to be expected that previous results based on the assumption of incompressibility require re-examination. Several consequences arise on consideration of previously ignored pressuredependent terms. It is shown below that these may be separately considered. (a) There is a redistribution of solute with respect to solvent in the binary medium. (b) The solution is compressed with no change in molality in each of the thin layers perpendicular to the centrifugal field in the liquid column. This compression adds a compression density gradient to the composition density gradient. (c) The banding macromolecular species is compressed and moves to a new neutrally buoyant solution. A change in band shape occurs. It is shown in the analysis below that changes in salt molality in response to pressure are small and may be neglected. The combined effects of compressing the solution and the macromolecular species are significant and affect the band shape, band position, and buoyant density. Theory.-Although the effects of pressure in two- and multicomponent sedimentation equilibrium experiments2-4 have been considered by previous workers, the problem is examined here with special reference to the formation of the density gradient and the behavior of neutrally buoyant macromolecules. For a twocomponent system at equilibrium in a centrifugal field at constant temperature, the thermodynamic relation,

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE BUOYANT BEHAVIOR OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN A DENSITY GRADIENT AT EQUILIBRIUM IN THE ULTRACENTRIFUGE