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Significance Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a condition triggered by adverse environmental conditions, which in plants include extreme heat, pathogen infection, and drought. These stresses can have a devastating effect on agricultural productivity, and the appropriate responses of plants to stress are therefore critical. Autophagy is a macromolecular degradation pathway that is activated in response to stress, including ER stress, but the mechanism by which it is regulated is still unclear. Here, we describe a modification, persulfidation, of the key autophagy protein ATG18a that affects its binding to membranes and controls its activity. This tight regulation of autophagy therefore allows plants to control the tradeoff between growth and stress tolerance.

Persulfidation of ATG18a regulates autophagy under ER stress inArabidopsis