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An exciton is an electron-hole pair bound by attractive Coulomb interaction.Short-lived excitons have been detected by a variety of experimental probes innumerous contexts. An excitonic insulator, a collective state of such excitons,has been more elusive. Here, thanks to Nernst measurements in pulsed magneticfields, we show that in graphite there is a critical temperature (T = 9.2 K)and a critical magnetic field (B = 47 T) for Bose-Einstein condensation ofexcitons. At this critical field, hole and electron Landau sub-bandssimultaneously cross the Fermi level and allow exciton formation. Byquantifying the effective mass and the spatial separation of the excitons inthe basal plane, we show that the degeneracy temperature of the excitonic fluidcorresponds to this critical temperature. This identification would explain whythe field-induced transition observed in graphite is not a universal feature ofthree-dimensional electron systems pushed beyond the quantum limit.

Critical point for Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in graphite