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Significance Bacterial promoters are often predicted by similarity to theEscherichia coli −10 and −35 consensus elements. Although these elements are highly conserved in diverse bacterial phyla, only 30 to 43% of promoters we analyzed fromRhodobacter sphaeroides and two other α-proteobacteria contained −7T, a base in the −10 element present in 90 to 99% of promoters from non–α-proteobacteria. Expression from 15 of 16R. sphaeroides promoters tested in vitro that lacked −7T was very weak, but we identified an essential transcription factor, CarD, that activated all 15 of these promoters. We suggest that promoters lacking a critical base in a consensus element can shape the transcriptome by coordinating expression of large numbers of genes by a single transcription factor.

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

A majority of <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> promoters lack a crucial RNA polymerase recognition feature, enabling coordinated transcription activation

A majority of Rhodobacter sphaeroides promoters lack a crucial RNA polymerase recognition feature, enabling coordinated transcription activation