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Significance The Islamic conquest of the Mediterranean has long been associated with fundamental geopolitical and economic transformations that sundered the medieval world from antiquity. An eighth- to ninth-century glass assemblage from Cordoba provides new insights into the processes of technological innovation, adaptation, and dissemination contingent on the specific historical environment. Its compositional characteristics reveal the mechanisms underlying the development of a new glassmaking tradition that, based on lead isotope analyses, can be attributed to a local production, using raw materials from nearby ore deposits. Our study illustrates that the second half of the eighth century and the ninth century was a period of considerable technological development in al-Andalus, triggered by a rupture in glass supplies from the eastern Mediterranean.

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain