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Significance Human activities can alter the behavior of wildlife. Although behavior is known to affect species interactions and demography, behavioral feedbacks are often absent from the types of population models used to understand how ecosystems respond to anthropogenic change. We show that incorporating empirically measured fish feeding behavior into dynamical models of a coral reef alters how the ecosystem responds to fishing. Fish behavior can cause ecosystem collapse in response to less fishing but also, unexpectedly, to subtle differences in the pace at which fishing increases. Behavioral mechanisms similar to those included in our model are present in many ecological systems, and our findings suggest these mechanisms could inform both fundamental understanding and management strategies in such systems.

Fast behavioral feedbacks make ecosystems sensitive to pace and not just magnitude of anthropogenic environmental change