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Focusing waves inside inhomogeneous media is a fundamental problem forimaging. Spatial variations of wave velocity can strongly distort propagatingwavefronts and degrade image quality. Adaptive focusing can compensate for suchaberration, but is only effective over a restricted field of view. Here, weintroduce a full-field approach to wave imaging based on the concept of thedistortion matrix. This operator essentially connects any focal point insidethe medium with the distortion that a wavefront, emitted from that point,experiences due to heterogeneities. A time-reversal analysis of the distortionmatrix enables the estimation of the transmission matrix that links each sensorand image voxel. Phase aberrations can then be unscrambled for any point,providing a full-field image of the medium with diffraction-limited resolution.Importantly, this process is particularly efficient in random scattering media,where traditional approaches such as adaptive focusing fail. Here, we firstpresent an experimental proof-of-concept on a tissue mimicking phantom, andthen apply the method to in vivo imaging of human soft tissues. Whileintroduced here in the context of acoustics, this approach can also be extendedto optical microscopy, radar or seismic imaging.

Distortion matrix approach for ultrasound imaging of random scattering media