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Significance DNA recombinases Dmc1 and Rad51 are both required during meiosis in most eukaryotes. Although they share high identity in amino acid sequence and biochemical properties, the mechanism of the requirement is unclear. The presynaptic filament formation is the first committed step in the process of homologous recombination. In this study, we combined the ensemble-based and the single-molecule experiments to dissect the assembly mechanism of Dmc1. Our results show that Dmc1 recombinases possess evolutionarily conserved nucleation preference that allows 5′-to-3′ filament formation. Moreover, Rad51 patches on single-stranded DNA stimulate the assembly of Dmc1, demonstrating the ability of Rad51 to facilitate the filament formation of Dmc1 in meiosis. The results provide a molecular rationale of why both recombinases are required in meiosis.

Rad51 facilitates filament assembly of meiosis-specific Dmc1 recombinase