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Plutonium metal exhibits an anomalously large softening of its bulk modulusat elevated temperatures that is made all the more extraordinary by the findingthat it occurs irrespective of whether the thermal expansion coefficient ispositive, negative or zero --- representing an extreme departure fromconventional Gr\"{u}neisen scaling. We show here that the cause of thissoftening is the compressibility of plutonium's thermally excited electronicconfigurations, which has thus far not been considered in thermodynamic models.We show that when compressible electronic configurations are thermallyactivated, they invariably give rise to a softening of bulk modulus regardlessof the sign their contribution to the thermal expansion. The electronicallydriven softening of the bulk modulus is shown to be in good agreement withelastic moduli measurements performed on the gallium-stabilized $\delta$ phaseof plutonium over a range of temperatures and compositions, and is shown togrow rapidly at small concentrations of gallium and at high temperatures, whereit becomes extremely sensitive to hydrostatic pressure.

Electronically driven collapse of the bulk modulus in $\delta$-plutonium