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Significance Living cells possess dynamical cytoskeletons capable of remodeling themselves to all shapes. In this work, we use the bacterium actin analog, MreB, to dynamically remodel the shape of spherical synthetic cells, thus breaking the spherical symmetry, an essential step toward the development of complex biological functions such as liposome division. Using an effective cell-free expression system, the synthesis of MreB in the presence of a large concentration of the PEG polymer at the lipid membrane deforms the cell bilayer by two-dimensional crowding. This membrane crowding has broad applications. This mechanical force acting at the membrane is a new physical phenomenon for synthetic cells.

Membrane molecular crowding enhances MreB polymerization to shape synthetic cells from spheres to rods