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Significance From the earliest cave paintings of mankind, to Renaissance frescos and modern art masterpieces, the preservation of surfaces against soiling and degradation is fundamental to transfer such a vast heritage to future generations. However, traditional cleaning methods are often invasive and risky. We overcame these limitations by designing a cleaning system in the framework of colloid and materials science. We formulated twin-chain hydrogels with ideal mechanical properties, retentiveness, and interconnected porosity, allowing adhesion to rough and textured paint layers, and controlled wetting of surfaces, granting safe removal of soil. The gels were used to clean two Jackson Pollock masterpieces, recovering their visual aspect, marking a turning point in the field of conservation of important collections worldwide.

Twin-chain polymer hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) as new advanced tool for the cleaning of modern and contemporary art