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Significance Topology simplification of chromosomes occurs simultaneously with their segregation during cell division and is driven by interplay between chromosome compaction and topology fluctuations. Loop extrusion, a mechanism of genome organization where DNA/chromatin loops are actively extruded to form a cylindrical polymer “brush,” has been proposed as a mechanism underlying chromosome folding and compaction. In this study, we show that such a brush model possesses an optimal loop size that simultaneously maximizes lengthwise compaction and minimizes interchromosomal entanglement. Our model predicts the optimal loop size and other experimentally observable properties of chromosomes for a wide range of organisms of varied genome size.

Chromosome disentanglement driven via optimal compaction of loop-extruded brush structures