Perfluorocarbon nanoparticle-mediated platelet inhibition promotes intratumoral infiltration of T cells and boosts immunotherapy

Significance Trafficking of T cells to tumors is critical for the success of immunotherapy. The success against solid cancers is not as effective as desired owing to limited efficacy in delivering a higher frequency of T cells to the tumor microenvironment. At this time, no useful methods are available to enhance T-cell infiltration in tumors in a short time. New methods that could enhance T-cell trafficking in tumors are urgently in need. Up to now, the role of platelets in limiting T-cell infiltration in tumors is a neglected phenomenon. In our study, for the first time, we proved that perfluorocarbon nanoparticles could promote intratumoral infiltration of T cells via platelet inhibition, resulting in enhanced anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy.