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Significance Adipose tissue inflammation is a key mediator linking obesity to metabolic complications. In obesity, proinflammatory responses are rapidly elevated in visceral adipose tissue, whereas inflammatory responses in subcutaneous adipose tissues are relatively down-regulated. Nonetheless, among the adipose tissue components other than immune cells, the modulators of fat depot-selective inflammatory response is not well understood. Here, we show that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reduces obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration in subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissues (IAT), but not in visceral epididymal adipose tissue. Our data show that adipose-derived stem cells from IAT respond to GABA to suppress ATM infiltration. Consequently, GABA shows enhanced insulin action in obese IAT, which could be a possible contributor in the regulation of whole-body glucose metabolism.

GABA-stimulated adipose-derived stem cells suppress subcutaneous adipose inflammation in obesity