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Significance The sense of touch affords a remarkable sensitivity to the microstructure of surfaces, affording us the ability to sense elements ranging in size from tens of nanometers to tens of millimeters. The hand sends signals about texture to the brain using three classes of nerve fibers through two neural codes: coarse features in spatial patterns of activation and fine features in precise temporal spiking patterns. In this study, we show that these nerve signals culminate in a complex, high-dimensional representation of texture in somatosensory cortex, whose structure can account for the structure of texture perception. This complexity arises from the neurons that act as idiosyncratic detectors of spatial and/or temporal motifs in the afferent input.

High-dimensional representation of texture in somatosensory cortex of primates