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Significance Biological communities are conventionally described as assemblages of species, whose ecological roles are known or predictable from their observable morphology. In microbial ecology, such a taxonomic approach is hindered by limited capacity to discriminate among different microbes, which bear highly dynamic genomes and establish complex associations. Approaches based on culture-independent functional genes profiling might overcome these problems, but a set of usable established genes in a general situation is still lacking. We show that genes related to reduction-oxidation (redox) processes separate microbial communities into their corresponding biomes. This redox-based characterization is linked to the microbial energetics of ecosystems and to most biogeochemical cycles and might be useful for assessing the impact of environmental degradation on the ecosystem services, underpinned by microorganisms.

Redox traits characterize the organization of global microbial communities