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Significance Sociality provides various demographic and ecological benefits to animals. However, social systems can be greatly disrupted if populations experience an additive mortality event. Here, we investigated how the social structure of a highly social species, the killer whale, was impacted by a human-induced mortality event (lethal interactions with illegal fisheries), and how these social impacts affected the survival of individuals. Using a unique long-term dataset, we showed that the loss of individuals in social groups resulted in weaker associations among surviving individuals, which may have modified their fitness during and after the additive mortality event. This study therefore highlights the importance of sociality in the resilience of populations to demographic stress and has major implications for the conservation of highly social species.

Role of sociality in the response of killer whales to an additive mortality event