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Significance In angiosperms, nuclear genes are inherited from both parents, following Mendelian laws, whereas genes in the two cytoplasmic organelles, the chloroplast and mitochondrion, are usually transmitted only through the female parent. In this study, we show experimentally that the cytoplasmic organellar genes ofAegilops remained autonomous from coexisting nuclear genes of wheat, in their replication and transmission, for more than half a century. We also infer that the cytoplasmic genome “plasmon” has retained genetic autonomy during 0.5 My of evolution of theTriticum –Aegilops complex, indicating its usefulness in tracing the maternal lineage of a species.

Experimental evolutionary studies on the genetic autonomy of the cytoplasmic genome “plasmon” in the Triticum (wheat)– Aegilops complex