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In color vision, the quantitative rules for mixing lights to make a targetcolor are well understood. By contrast, the rules for mixing odorants to make atarget odor remain elusive. A solution to this problem in vision relied oncharacterizing receptor responses to different wavelengths of light andsubsequently relating these responses to perception. In olfaction,experimentally measuring receptor responses to a representative set of complexmixtures is intractable due to the vast number of possibilities. To meet thischallenge, we develop a biophysical model that predicts mammalian receptorresponses to complex mixtures using responses to single odorants. The dominantnonlinearity in our model is competitive binding (CB): only one odorantmolecule can attach to a receptor binding site at a time. This simple frameworkpredicts receptor responses to mixtures of up to twelve monomolecular odorantsto within 15\% of experimental observations and provides a powerful method forleveraging limited experimental data. Simple extensions of our model describephenomena such as synergy, overshadowing, and inhibition. We demonstrate thatthe presence of such interactions can be identified via systematic deviationsfrom the competitive binding model.

A competitive binding model predicts nonlinear responses of olfactory receptors to complex mixtures