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Significance Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) kill some major pests and reduce use of insecticide sprays. However, evolution of pest resistance to Bt proteins decreases these benefits. Better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to Bt crops is urgently needed to address this problem. We discovered that a point mutation in the cotton bollworm, one of the world’s most voracious pests, confers dominantly inherited resistance to the Bt protein produced by transgenic cotton grown in China. This mutation increased 100-fold in frequency from 2006 to 2016 in China. Proactive tracking of this mutation may improve management of resistance and enhance sustainability of Bt cotton for millions of smallholder farmers in China.

Dominant point mutation in a tetraspanin gene associated with field-evolved resistance of cotton bollworm to transgenic Bt cotton