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Significance Photosystems catalyze photosynthetic light absorption and energy conversion, and yet require photoprotection mechanisms for avoiding oxidative damage from excess light absorption. The major short-term mechanism is thermal dissipation of the excitation energy absorbed in excess, called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Although NPQ of photosystem II (PSII) excitons has been extensively investigated, we focus here on NPQ of PSI in the model organism for green algae:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . By analyzing several NPQ and state transition mutants, we show that NPQ occurs within antenna proteins excitonically connected to PSI and is catalyzed by LHCSR (Light Harvesting Complex Stress Related) subunits, with a major role observed for LHCSR3. State transitions have a limited effect in quenching by redistributing Light Harvesting Complexes II, the major target of quenching by LHCSR, between photosystems.

LHCSR3 is a nonphotochemical quencher of both photosystems in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii