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Significance To ensure efficient photosynthetic carbon gain, plant chloroplasts have to adjust their own physiology toward changes in light environments. Specific chloroplast proteins are reversibly activated–inactivated during light–dark cycles by switching the reduction–oxidation states of their Cys residues, which is termed redox regulation. A long-standing issue in plant biology is the manner in which redox-regulated proteins are reoxidized upon the interruption of light exposure. In this study, we identified the thioredoxin-like2 (TrxL2)/2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2CP) redox cascade as a molecular basis for oxidative thiol modulation in chloroplasts. This finding dissects the “dark side” of chloroplast redox regulation, providing an insight into how plants rest their photosynthetic activity at night.

Thioredoxin-like2/2-Cys peroxiredoxin redox cascade supports oxidative thiol modulation in chloroplasts