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Significance Plantnucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR s) are suppressed by phased, secondary siRNAs, triggered by 22-nt miRNAs; in soybean, the major trigger of Phased, secondary siRNAs (phasiRNAs) fromNB-LRR s is miR1510. Unlike other miRNAs, 21-nt miR1510 is partially 2′-O -methylated at the 3′ terminus, enabling HESO1-mediated uridylation because of a terminal mispairing in the miR1510/miR1510* duplex. miR1510 is specific to Phaseoleae species, and uridylation to produce the 22-nt isoform is conserved across species that also contain the 3′-terminal mispairing. Among the Phaseoleae, mung bean has a miR1510 variant directly processed to 22 nt, suggesting that mung bean adapted a more direct route for the biogenesis of the 22-nt miR1510, demonstrating how selection optimizes the structural features of a recently emerged plant miRNA.

Biogenesis of a 22-nt microRNA in Phaseoleae species by precursor-programmed uridylation