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Significance Although large bacterial noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are rare, those whose functions have been experimentally established perform fundamental roles in genetic information transfer, RNA processing, and protein production and localization. OLE (ornate, large, extremophilic) RNAs represent one of the most widespread and well-conserved classes of bacterial ncRNAs whose activities remain unknown. We have identified mutations in an OLE-associated protein (OapA), an essential partner for OLE RNA, which cause more severe inhibition of host bacterial growth under cold or ethanol stress conditions compared with knockout strains lacking OLE or OapA. A genetic screen using a bacterial strain carrying the mutant OapA protein revealed another protein partner that also forms a complex with OLE RNA, and is essential for the biological function of this mysterious bacterial ncRNA.

A second RNA-binding protein is essential for ethanol tolerance provided by the bacterial OLE ribonucleoprotein complex