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In Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland , the Mock Turtle and the Gryphon teach Alice a dance in which everyone partners with a lobster and then throws it “as far out to sea as you can” (1). While the “porpoise” (as the Mock Turtle pronounces “purpose”) of throwing lobsters never becomes entirely clear in the story, Le Bris et al. (2) show in PNAS that the century-old practice of returning large and female lobsters back to the waters of Maine has primed the fishery to thrive in the face of climate change (Fig. 1). Their contribution provides key insight that can guide more widespread climate adaptation in fisheries.Fig. 1. Illustration of how conservation of large female lobsters may have prepared the Gulf of Maine fishery to flourish as environmental conditions changed. Large females contribute disproportionately to the production of young lobsters and allowed the population to grow more rapidly in favorable conditions (A) than it would have if large females were also harvested in lobster traps (B). Most fisheries only use a minimum size limit, as did the southern New England lobster fishery for many years. However, other mechanisms, including differences in thermal conditions, predators, and disease burden, also contribute to explain the contrasting trajectories of Maine and southern New England lobster populations.Climate change has already reshuffled ecosystems globally, and past and ongoing emissions will continue to drive substantial warming and other environmental changes over the next few decades. One of the challenging questions is therefore whether and how to adapt human activities across a wide range of sectors, from agriculture to water supply, air travel, and coastal development. Fish are the most highly traded food commodity and the largest human food source based on wild species, so fisheries provide a particularly interesting and challenging sector in which to consider … [↵][1]1Email: malin.pinsky{at}rutgers.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Throwing back the big ones saves a fishery from hot water