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Significance The steady-state levels of miRNAs are under sophisticated control to ensure their proper functions such as development and responses to environmental stimuli. Nevertheless, enzymes responsible for the degradation of various forms of unmethylated miRNAs remain enigmatic, which largely impedes our understanding of miRNA homeostasis and active turnover. Here we report a 3′ to 5′ exoribonuclease Atrimmer 2 that may degrade unmethylated miRNAs in their miRNA/miRNA* duplex status, at places distinct from their production sites (i.e., Dicing bodies). Our study not only increases the complexity of miRNA surveillance, but also provides clues into how nascent miRNA/miRNA* duplexes undergo methylation and RNA-induced silencing complex loading, which is a big challenge in the plant small RNA field.

Degradation of unmethylated miRNA/miRNA*s by a DEDDy-type 3′ to 5′ exoribonuclease Atrimmer 2 in Arabidopsis

Degradation of unmethylated miRNA/miRNAs by a DEDDy-type 3′ to 5′ exoribonuclease Atrimmer 2 in Arabidopsis*