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Significance Plant cells contain two types of vacuoles: the lytic vacuole (LV) and protein storage vacuole (PSV). During embryogenesis, the LV is degenerated and PSVs are produced. Thus, embryonic cells in seeds contain PSVs but not LVs. The situation is reversed during germination, and vegetative cells contain the LV. Recent studies showed that vacuolar trafficking is crucial for LV biogenesis during germination. We identified AtCAP2 as a crucial factor for the vacuole transition during germination. AtCAP2 functions as a positive regulator of the vacuolar trafficking via prevacuolar compartment recruitment of GAPC2, an isoform of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDHs), well-known metabolic enzymes involved in energy production via glycolysis. Thus, our study provides a connection between vacuolar trafficking and energy metabolism.

AtCAP2 is crucial for lytic vacuole biogenesis during germination by positively regulating vacuolar protein trafficking