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Significance Some bacteria have a remarkable ability to grow on toxic aromatic hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions. Although bacteria have evolved cellular mechanisms to cope with hydrocarbon toxicity, it was unclear if signal transduction systems might exist to coordinate a protective response. Here we describe a hybrid two-component system, the TolR protein, from the bacteriumAzoarcus sp. strain CIB that on binding toluene and other aromatic hydrocarbons degrades intracellular cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). A drop in c-di-GMP protects cells from toluene toxicity. C-di-GMP, found universally in bacteria, is involved in diverse functions including biofilm formation and virulence. Our finding of hydrocarbon sensing and c-di-GMP degradation by TolR for purposes of modulating hydrocarbon toxicity describes an additional role for c-di-GMP in bacterial physiology.

Degradation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate by a hybrid two-component protein protects Azoarcus sp. strain CIB from toluene toxicity