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Significance Upon virus infection, host cells detect viral nucleic acids and initiate antiviral innate immune responses by producing type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. As a cytoplasmic sensor for RNA viruses, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) recognizes the pathogenic RNAs and activates downstream signaling for initiation of antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we identify RING finger protein 122 (RNF122) as an E3 ligase that directly binds to RIG-I to induce K48-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and mediate RIG-I degradation, consequently suppressing RIG-I–triggered antiviral innate immune response. RNF122 expression is upregulated by innate stimuli, and then acts as a feedback-negative regulator of RIG-I signaling to restrain type I IFN overproduction. Our study adds insight into the role of E3 ligases in the control of antiviral innate immunity.

RNF122 suppresses antiviral type I interferon production by targeting RIG-I CARDs to mediate RIG-I degradation