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Significance New accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS)14 C dates of scarlet macaw (Ara macao ) skeletons from Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico reveal the earliest (A.D. 900–975) direct evidence for procurement of this Neotropical species by Pueblo people from Mesoamerica. By directly dating the macaws, we demonstrate the existence of long-distance acquisition networks throughout much (A.D. 900–1150) of Chaco’s history. In contrast to models of societal evolution that attribute procurement of macaws to the 11th -century peak of Chacoan influence and architectural expansion, most14 C dates significantly predate this period. We propose that access to and control of these important status markers from Mesoamerica before A.D. 1040 was thus linked to the early formalization of social hierarchy in Chaco.

Early procurement of scarlet macaws and the emergence of social complexity in Chaco Canyon, NM