English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We present the results of two-pump and probe femtosecond experiments designed to follow the relaxation dynamics of the lowest excited state (S(1)) populated by different modes. In the first mode, a direct (S(0) --&gt; S(1)) radiative excitation of the ground state is used. In the second mode, an indirect excitation is used where the S(1) state is populated by the use of two femtosecond laser pulses with different colors and delay times between them. The first pulse excites the S(0) --&gt; S(1) transition whereas the second pulse excites the S(1) --&gt; S(n) transition. The nonradiative relaxation from the S(n) state populates the lowest excited state. Our results suggest that the S(1) state relaxes faster when populated nonradiatively from the S(n) state than when pumped directly by the S(0) --&gt; S(1) excitation. Additionally, the S(n) --&gt; S(1) nonradiative relaxation time is found to change by varying the delay time between the two pump pulses. The observed dependence of the lowest excited state population as well as its dependence on the delay between the two pump pulses are found to fit a kinetic model in which the S(n) state populates a different surface (called S'(1)) than the one being directly excited (S(1)). The possible involvement of the A(g) type states, the J intermediate, and the conical intersection leading to the S(0) or to the isomerization product (K intermediate) are discussed in the framework of the proposed model.

The relaxation dynamics of the excited electronic states of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin by two-pump-probe femtosecond studies