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Significance Living cells interact with their environment through surface receptors. In particular, adhesion molecules form complexes that anchor cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. These complexes ensure mechanical integrity of tissues and control cell function through specific biochemical signaling. This dual role is due to the ability of adhesion complexes to grow and change their composition and activity in response to mechanical forces. Here, we show how cell spreading, by modifying cell shape, controls the distribution of internal tension over adhesion complexes, inducing their growth above a well-defined spread area. Because such a threshold area was reported for many cell functions, our findings shed a new light on the possible mechanisms behind the geometric control of cell fate.

Three-dimensional cell body shape dictates the onset of traction force generation and growth of focal adhesions