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Significance In this paper we examine the dynamics underlying a form of collective behavior exhibited by bacteria. In a nutrient gradient,Thiovulum majus cells aggregate into a community in which cells attach to one another using mucus tethers. As tethered cells beat their flagella, they pull nutrient-laden water through the community. The flow of water created by many cells gives rise to variations in the nutrient concentration. As cells reorganize in response to these nutrient gradients, they change the flow of water. We show that the coupling between the motion of water, nutrients, and cells generates large-scale flows that dramatically increase the rate at which nutrients are pulled to the cells.

Hydrodynamics and collective behavior of the tethered bacterium Thiovulum majus