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Significance Motor cortex contains a map of the body that is used to control muscles or movements. However, whether movements are controlled by a spatially distributed neuronal circuit or by segregated clusters of neurons is unknown. We combined optic-fiber–based calcium recordings with cortical microstimulation at two well-separated sites of motor cortex in a behaving monkey. We demonstrate that local cortical activity was tightly associated with distinct and stereotypical movements. Increasing stimulation intensity increased both the amplitude of the movements and the level of neuronal activity. Importantly, the activity remained local, without invading the recording domain of the second optical fiber. These results suggest that motor cortex is functionally organized in segregated clusters of neurons that preferentially code specific movements.

Local domains of motor cortical activity revealed by fiber-optic calcium recordings in behaving nonhuman primates