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The ability to trap and to manipulate individual atoms is at the heart ofcurrent implementations of quantum simulations, quantum computing, andlong-distance quantum communication. Controlling the motion of larger particlesopens up yet new avenues for quantum science, both for the study of fundamentalquantum phenomena in the context of matter wave interference, and for newsensing and transduction applications in the context of quantum optomechanics.Specifically, it has been suggested that cavity cooling of a singlenanoparticle in high vacuum allows for the generation of quantum states ofmotion in a room-temperature environment as well as for unprecedented forcesensitivity. Here, we take the first steps into this regime. We demonstratecavity cooling of an optically levitated nanoparticle consisting ofapproximately 10e9 atoms. The particle is trapped at modest vacuum levels of afew millibar in the standing-wave field of an optical cavity and is cooledthrough coherent scattering into the modes of the same cavity. We estimate thatour cooling rates are sufficient for ground-state cooling, provided thatoptical trapping at a vacuum level of 10e-7 millibar can be realized in thefuture, e.g., by employing additional active-feedback schemes to stabilize theoptical trap in three dimensions. This paves the way for a new light-matterinterface enabling room-temperature quantum experiments with mesoscopicmechanical systems.

Cavity cooling of an optically levitated nanoparticle