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Plant growth is regulated by a complex network of signaling events. Points of convergence for the signaling cross-talk between the phytohormones auxin and gibberellin (GA), which partly control overlapping processes during plant development, are largely unknown. At the cellular level, auxin responses are controlled by members of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) family of transcription factors as well as AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE (AUX/IAA) proteins that repress the activity of at least a subset of ARFs. Here, we show that the two paralogous GATA transcription factorsGATA, NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, CARBON-METABOLISM INVOLVED (GNC ) andGNC-LIKE (GNL )/CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR1 (CGA1 ) are direct and critical transcription targets downstream from ARF2 in the control of greening, flowering time, and senescence. Mutants deficient in the synthesis or signaling of the phytohormone GA are also impaired in greening, flowering, and senescence, and interestingly,GNC andGNL were previously identified as important transcription targets of the GA signaling pathway. In line with a critical regulatory role forGNC andGNL downstream from both auxin and GA signaling, we show here that the constitutive activation of GA signaling is sufficient to suppressarf2 mutant phenotypes through repression ofGNC andGNL . In addition, we show that GA promotes ARF2 protein abundance through a translation-dependent mechanism that could serve to override the autoinhibitory negative feedback regulation of ARF2 on its own transcription and thereby further promote GA signaling.

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

Convergence of auxin and gibberellin signaling on the regulation of the GATA transcription factors GNC and GNL in Arabidopsis thaliana