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Many cells exhibit large-scale active circulation of their entire fluidcontents, a process termed cytoplasmic streaming. This phenomenon isparticularly prevalent in plant cells, often presenting strikingly regimentedflow patterns. The driving mechanism in such cells is known: myosin-coatedorganelles entrain cytoplasm as they process along actin filament bundles fixedat the periphery. Still unknown, however, is the developmental process whichconstructs the well-ordered actin configurations required for coherentcell-scale flow. Previous experimental works on streaming regeneration in cellsof Characean algae, whose longitudinal flow is perhaps the most regimented ofall, hint at an autonomous process of microfilament self-organization drivingthe formation of streaming patterns during morphogenesis. Working from firstprinciples, we propose a robust model of streaming emergence that combinesmotor dynamics with both micro- and macroscopic hydrodynamics to explain howseveral independent processes, each ineffectual on its own, can reinforce toultimately develop the patterns of streaming observed in the Characeae andother streaming species.

Cytoplasmic Streaming in Plant Cells Emerges Naturally by Microfilament Self-Organization