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Drop coalescence is central to diverse processes involving dispersions ofdrops in industrial, engineering and scientific realms. During coalescence, twodrops first touch and then merge as the liquid neck connecting them grows frominitially microscopic scales to a size comparable to the drop diameters. Thecurvature of the interface is infinite at the point where the drops first makecontact, and the flows that ensue as the two drops coalesce are intimatelycoupled to this singularity in the dynamics. Conventionally, this process hasbeen thought to have just two dynamical regimes: a viscous and an inertialregime with a crossover region between them. We use experiments and simulationsto reveal that a third regime, one that describes the initial dynamics ofcoalescence for all drop viscosities, has been missed. An argument based onforce balance allows the construction of a new coalescence phase diagram.

The inexorable resistance of inertia determines the initial regime of drop coalescence