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Cross-presentation allows dendritic cells (DCs) to load antigenic peptides on MHC-I molecules, which is important for activating cytotoxic T cells (CTL) that combat tumors and viruses. We recently showed that, under steady-state conditions, antigens internalized by DCs through the Mannose Receptor (MR) are efficiently cross-presented (1). The MR conveyed antigen into early endosomes, where peptide was loaded on MHC-I (2, 3).Recently, Segura et al. (4) reported that MR-mediated endocytosis is involved in cross-presentation only under inflammatory and not steady-state conditions (4), which, at first sight, contradicted our findings (1). They concluded that the MR operates only in bone marrow- or monocyte-derived DCs but not in CD8+ DCs, which are thought to be most relevant for in vivo cross-presentation in mice.Certainly, many immunologic phenomena may be explained by differential involvement of DC subsets, but in this case, two alternative explanations more likely explain the findings of Segura et al. (4).First, Segura et al. (4) reported … 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: sven.burgdorf{at}ukb.uni-bonn.de or ckurts{at}web.de.

Steady-state cross-presentation of OVA is mannose receptor-dependent but inhibitable by collagen fragments